Post-war means after the war, in this case the Second World War.
To make a name for yourself is to achieve something that makes you famous or well known.
Example: You need to make a name for yourself in TV and theatre before you get a role in a big movies.
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To ply your trade is to do your work or conduct your business. Here the work referred to is prostitution.
Example: I plied my trade as a chef in many restaurants.
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During the war cities showed as little light as possible to make it more difficult for enemy planes to find and bomb them. This was called the Blackout.
happened
Example: The invention of antibiotics came about by accident.
We use late before someone's name or title to mean recently deceased or dead.
Example: The late Ronald Reagan suffered from Alzheimer's disease.
in one decisive action; at once
Example: You can lose weight and improve your health in one felll swoop with our miracle diet.
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the drawing for this little painting
the early sketch for 'An Apocalyptic Horse'